A limited number of signalling pathways are involved in the specification of cell fate during the development of all animals. Several of these pathways were originally identified in Drosophila. To clarify their roles, and possible cross-talk, we have built a logical model for the nine key signalling pathways recurrently used in metazoan development. In each case, we considered the associated ligands, receptors, signal transducers, modulators, and transcription factors reported in the literature. Implemented using the logical modelling software GINsim, the resulting models qualitatively recapitulate the main characteristics of each pathway, in wild type as well as in various mutant situations (e.g. loss-of-function or gain-of-function). These models constitute pluggable modules that can be used to assemble comprehensive models of complex developmental processes. Moreover, these models of Drosophila pathways could serve as scaffolds for more complicated models of orthologous mammalian pathways. Comprehensive model annotations and GINsim files are provided for each of the nine considered pathways. (Fig3C from the paper) Helikar Tomas thelika@unmc.edu University of Nebraska - Lincoln 2015-01-28T19:13:29Z 2016-01-22T07:08:46Z

Src oncogene<div>Gene Name: Src42A</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">35524</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Connector Enhancer of KSR (CNK)<div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7KNQ9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(222, 239, 245);">Q7KNQ9</a></div><div>Gene Name: cnk</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">36952</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Vascular endothelial growth factor 3</span><div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9VM39" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Q9VM39</a></div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene Name: Pvf3</div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">33995</span></div></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Vascular endothelial growth factor 2</span><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9VM43" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Q9VM43</a></div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene Name: Pvf2</div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">33994</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Sprouty Protein<div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O44783" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">O44783</a></div><div>Gene Name: sty</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">38424</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Vascular endothelial growth factor 1.<div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9VWP6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font color="#4094b4" face="Verdana, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="cursor: pointer; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Q9VWP6</span></font></a></div><div>Gene Name: Pvf1</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">32876</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

<font face="Arial, Verdana"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">RPS6KA4 = ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 4 </span></font><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0PJF8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A0PJF8</a></div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Gene Name: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/56613" ref="ordinalpos=1&ncbi_uid=56613&link_uid=56613" style="color: rgb(100, 42, 143); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9998016357422px; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);"><span class="highlight">Rps6ka4</span></a></div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">56613</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><br/></div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">RPS6KA5 = ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 5</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O75582" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">O75582</a></div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene Name: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9252" ref="ordinalpos=1&ncbi_uid=9252&link_uid=9252" style="color: rgb(100, 42, 143); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9998016357422px; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);"><span class="highlight">RPS6KA5</span></a></div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">9252</span></div></div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);"><br/></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);"><br/></span></div><div>Represented the Moleskin gene encodes Drosophila Importin-7 (DIM-7<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Protein Kinase\r\nSuppressor of RAS<div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q24171" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(222, 239, 245);">Q24171</a></div><div>Gene Name: ksr</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">40660</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Downstream of RAF1 (DSOR1)<div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/X2JAZ3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">X2JAZ3</a><br/>Gene Name: Dsor1</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9998016357422px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">31872</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Target nodes from the paper [1]

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Pointed (PNT)<div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B4HFD9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(222, 239, 245);">B4HFD9</a></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Gene Name: pnt</span></div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">42757</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Vascular endothelial growth receptor<div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B6IDV6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">B6IDV6</a></div><div>Gene Name: Pvr</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">34127</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

<font face="Arial, Verdana" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">RAF1 = v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 </span></font><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04049" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">P04049</a></div><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal;">Gene Name: RAF1</div><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">5894</span><br/><div><br/></div><div>BRAF = v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1</div><div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P15056" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">P15056</a></div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene Name: BRAF</div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">673</span></div></div><div><br/></div><div>ARAF = v-raf murine sarcoma 3611 viral oncogene homolog</div></div><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal;"><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P10398" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">P10398</a></div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene Name: ARAF</div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">369</span></div></div><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 13.3333330154419px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);"><br/></span></div><div>Pole hole Raf [fruit fly]</div><div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P11346" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">P11346</a></div><div>Gene Name: phl</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">31221</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">transcriptional Co-repressor Anterior Open</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B4LTU0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(222, 239, 245);">B4LTU0</a></div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Gene Name: aop</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">33392</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

<font face="Arial, Verdana"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">RL (Rolled/MAPK) m</span></font>itogen-activated protein kinase ERK-A<div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P40417" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">P40417</a></div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Gene Name: rl</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">3354888</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

SOS1 = son of sevenless homolog 1 (Drosophila) <div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q07889" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Q07889</a></div><div>Gene Name: SOS1</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">6654</span><br/><div><br/></div><div>SOS2 = son of sevenless homolog 2 (Drosophila)</div></div><div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q07890" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Q07890</a></div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene Name: SOS2</div><div style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">6655</span></div></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Downstream of receptor kinase (DRK)<div>UniProt ID: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q08012" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(64, 148, 180); border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.0571994781494px; line-height: 20.081974029541px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Q08012</a></div><div>Gene Name: drk</div><div>Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px; line-height: 16.199821472168px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">36497</span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

<span style="font: 10pt/normal Arial, Verdana;">Raspberry</span> Ras-like protein 2<font face="Arial, Verdana"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (RAS)</span></font><div style="font: 10pt/normal Arial, Verdana;">UniProt ID: <a style="color: rgb(64, 148, 180); line-height: 20.08px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.05px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04388">P04388</a></div><div style="font: 10pt/normal Arial, Verdana;">Gene Name: ras</div><div style="font: 10pt/normal Arial, Verdana;">Gene ID: <span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); line-height: 16.19px; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.69px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);">43873</span></div><div style="font: 10pt/normal Arial, Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); line-height: 16.19px; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.69px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);"></span> </div><div style="font: 10pt/normal Arial, Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); line-height: 16.19px; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.69px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);"></span> </div><div style="font: 10pt/normal Arial, Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); line-height: 16.19px; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.69px; background-color: rgb(213, 222, 227);"><table style="width: 723pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="964">\r\n <colgroup><col style="width: 723pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 30848;" width="964">\r\n <tbody><tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">\r\n\r\n <td style="border: 0px black; width: 723pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" class="xl65" height="20" width="964"><p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"><font color="#575757" face="Arial">In [1]:</font></font></p><p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">rat\r\n sarcoma viral oncogene homolog</font></p><p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Protein family</font><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"> </font></p></td>\r\n\r\n </tr>\r\n</tbody></table></span></div>

2015-11-15T20:51:44Z

Raf positively regulates DSOR1 [1, 2]

Downstream of RAF1 (DSOR1) is the kinase responsible for\r\nthe phosphorylation of Rolled, which can then enter the\r\nnucleus. [1, 2] 

S_8 1

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Pnt positively regulates Targets [1]. </span><span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Aop negatively  regulates Targets [1].</span>

Pnt positively regulates Targets [1]

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Aop negatively  regulates Targets [1]</span>

S_6 1 S_11 1

R1 positively regulates Pnt [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

The pointed (pnt) gene is a target of the signalling cascade\r\nacting downstream of Rolled/MAP Kinase. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] 

S_13 1

Three genes in the Drosophila genome code for PVR\r\nligands: PVF1, PVF2, and PVF3. [1, 2]

Three genes in the Drosophila genome code for PVR\r\nligands: PVF1, PVF2, and PVF3. [1]

PVF2 and PVF3 act\r\nredundantly to activate PVR. [1, 2]

S_12 1 S_9 1 S_4 1

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">CNK activates RAF [1]. Src42</span><span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;"> activates RAF [1]. Ksr</span><span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;"> activates RAF [1, 2]. Ras</span><span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;"> activates RAF [1, 2].</span>

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">RAF or Pole hole is a critical effector of the small GTPase RAS in cells. GTP-Ras activates the kinase RAF. This initiates a kinase cascade in which RAF phosphorylates DSOR1, in the presence of the scaffold Protein Kinase Suppressor of RAS (KSR) [1, 2]</span>

RAF or Pole hole is a critical effector of the small GTPase\r\nRAS in cells. GTP-Ras activates the kinase RAF.\r\nThis initiates a kinase cascade in which RAF phosphorylates\r\nDSOR1, in the presence of the scaffold Protein Kinase\r\nSuppressor of RAS (KSR) [1, 2]

CNK activates RAF [1]

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Src42 activates RAF [1]</span>

S_16 1 S_18 1 S_3 1 S_2 1

Rl inhibits Aop [1, 2]

<span style="color: rgb(79, 79, 79); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; orphans: 3; widows: 3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Active RL (Rolled) down-regulates specific targets, including the transcriptional co-repressor Anterior Open (AOP or YAN). [1, 2]</span>

S_13 1

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">msk activates Rl [1]. Dsor1 </span><span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">activates Rl [1, 2]</span>

msk activates Rl [1]

After phosphorylation by DSOR1 and translocation in the\r\nnucleus, RL phosphorylates Pointed P2 (PNTP2). [1, 2] 

S_1 1 S_17 1

Drk positively regulates sos [1]

<span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Drk positively regulates sos [1]</span>

S_15 1

Pvr activates Drk [1].

PVR triggers the activation of Drk [1]

S_7 1

Sos positively regulates Ras [1]. <span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;">Sty negatively regulates Ras [1].</span>

The SH2-domain-containing protein DRK recruits the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Son\r\nof sevenless (SOS), to catalyze the exchange of GDP bound to RAS for GTP, thereby activating\r\nRAS with the help of activated KSR

Sprouty (STY) acts downstream of the receptor, but upstream of RAS1 by inhibiting Sty [1]

S_14 1 S_10 1